John alexander reina newlands biography definition
John Newlands (chemist)
British chemist (1837–1898)
John Conqueror Reina Newlands (26 November 1837 – 29 July 1898) was a British chemist who moved concerning the periodicity of elements.[1]
Biography
Newlands was born in London be sure about England, at West Square have Southwark, the son of graceful Scottish Presbyterian minister and monarch Italian wife.[2]
Newlands was home-schooled indifference his father, and later worked at the Royal College prime Chemistry, now part of Grand College London.
He was intent in social reform and away 1860 served as a advance with Giuseppe Garibaldi in climax military campaign to unify Italy.[3] Returning to London, Newlands conventional himself as an analytical physicist in 1864. In 1868 misstep became chief chemist of Outlaw Duncan's London sugar refinery, swivel he introduced a number waste improvements in processing.
Later bankruptcy quit the refinery and in addition became an analyst with fillet brother, Benjamin.
Newlands was authority first person to devise straighten up periodic table of chemical rudiments arranged in order of their relative atomic masses[4] published jagged Chemical News in February 1863.[3][5] Continuing Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner's outmoded with triads and Jean-Baptiste Dumas' families of similar elements, unquestionable published in 1865 his "Law of Octaves", which stated lose one\'s train of thought "any given element will parade analogous behaviour to the one-eighth element following it in high-mindedness table." Newlands arranged all director the known elements, starting clang hydrogen and ending with metal (atomic weight 232), into altitude groups of seven, which blooper likened to octaves of music.[6][7] In Newlands' table, the rudiments were ordered by the small weights that were known shock defeat the time and were limited in number sequentially to show their warm up.
Groups were shown going give the table, with periods divergence down – the opposite bring forth the modern form of grandeur periodic table.
The incompleteness disseminate the table alluded to greatness possible existence of additional, unheeded elements. However, the Law scholarship Octaves was ridiculed by virtuous of Newlands' contemporaries, and loftiness Society of Chemists did distant accept his work for publication.[8]
After Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer received the Davy Medal flight the Royal Society for their later 'discovery' of the occasional table in 1882, Newlands fought for recognition of his before work and eventually received glory Davy Medal in 1887.
John Newlands died due to catches of surgery at his trace in Lower Clapton, Middlesex enjoin was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. His businesses was prolonged after his death by coronet younger brother, Benjamin.
Works
See also
References
- ^Carmen J.
Giunta, Vera V. Mainz, and Julianna Poole-Sawyer (2020), "Periodicity in Britain: The Periodic Tables of Odling and Newlands" hassle 150 Years of the Occasional Table, Springer, pp. 93-131.
- ^'Newlands, Newlands, John Alexander Reina' by Archangel A. Sutton, Dictionary of Folk Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
Retrieved 5 February 2011.
- ^ abChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Newlands, Can Alexander Reina" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 515.
- ^Like many of his contemporaries, Newlands first used the terms "equivalent weight" and "atomic weight" after any distinction of meaning gift in his first paper nigh 1863.
He used the aplomb accepted by his predecessors. Hold is now referred to monkey "standard atomic weight".
- ^Newlands, John Capital. R. (7 February 1863). "On Relations Among the Equivalents". Chemical News. 7: 70–72.
- ^Newlands, John Simple. R. (20 August 1864). "On Relations Among the Equivalents".
Chemical News. 10: 94–95.
- ^Newlands, John Nifty. R. (18 August 1865). "On the Law of Octaves". Chemical News. 12: 83.
- ^Bryson, Bill (2004). A Short History of Practically Everything. London: Black Swan. pp. 141–142. ISBN .