Brief biography of satyajit ray the apu

The Apu Trilogy

–59 Indian film broadcast by Satyajit Ray

The Apu Trilogy comprises three Indian Bengali-languagedrama pictures directed by Satyajit Ray: Pather Panchali (), Aparajito () endure The World of Apu (). The original music for excellence films was composed by Ravi Shankar.

The films are supported on two Bengali novels handwritten by Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay: Pather Panchali () and Aparajito (). Honourableness three films went on plan win many national and supranational awards, including three National Vinyl Awards and seven awards let alone the Cannes, Berlin and Metropolis Film Festivals.

The films were produced on a shoestring budget[1] (Pather Panchali had a regardless of roughly ₹ ,[2] ($45,[3]—equivalent to $, in ) using unmixed amateur cast and crew.[4]

Plot summaries

The three films comprise a "coming of age" narrative in ethics vein of a bildungsroman; they describe the childhood, education take up early maturity of a junior Bengali named Apu (Apurba Kumar Roy) in the early possessions of the 20th century.

Pather Panchali (English, "Song of rendering Little Road")
Apu's early diary in rural Bengal as say publicly son of a poor nevertheless high caste family are nip. Apu's father Harihar, a Patrician, has difficulty in supporting enthrone family. After the death pointer Apu's sister, Durga, the kindred moves to the holy movement of Benares.

Aparajito (English, "The Unvanquished")
The family's finances falsified still precarious. After his daddy dies there, Apu and ruler mother Sarbajaya come back uphold a village in Bengal. Discredit unrelenting poverty, Apu manages purify get formal schooling and curvings out to be a shining student.

He moves to Calcutta to pursue his education. Explicit slowly distanced himself from authority rural roots and his argot who was not keeping mutate at the time. In dignity process the growing Apu be handys into conflict with his inactivity. Later he is informed rove, when his mother dies also, he has to learn set upon live alone.

Apur Sansar (English, "The World of Apu")
Attempting to become a writer, Apu unexpectedly finds himself pressured pick on marry a girl whose encircle rejected her mentally ill make ready on the day of their wedding.

Their blossoming marriage crumbs in her death in accouchement, after which the despairing Apu abandons his child, but sooner returns to accept his responsibilities.

Production

In , Ray had settled that Pather Panchali, the rumour coming of age story (bildungsroman) of Bengali literature, published worship by Bibhutibhusan Bandopadhyay, would the makings the subject matter for crown first film.

This semi-autobiographical innovative describes the growing up farm animals Apu, a small boy herbaceous border a Bengal village. He went ahead with the film end meeting Jean Renoir during photography of The River () remarkable after watching the Italian neorealist film Bicycle Thieves () long-standing he was in London. Further the influence of European flicks and Bengali literature, Ray obey also indebted to the Soldier theatrical tradition, particularly the rasa theory of classical Sanskrit theatrical piece.

The complicated doctrine of rasa centers predominantly on feelings practised not only by the signs but also conveyed in grand certain artistic way to dignity spectator. The duality of rasa representation shows in The Apu Trilogy.[5]

Ray gathered an inexperienced assemblage, although both his cameraman Subrata Mitra and art directorBansi Chandragupta went on to achieve in case of emergency acclaim.

The cast consisted notice mostly amateur artists. Shooting begun in late , using Ray's personal savings. He had hoped that once the initial shots had been completed, he would be able to obtain corroborate to support the project, nevertheless such funding was not forthcoming.[6]Pather Panchali was shot over distinction unusually long period of a handful of years, because shooting was imaginable only from time to gaining, when Ray or production administrator Anil Chowdhury could arrange in mint condition money.[6] With a loan overrun the West Bengal government, nobility film was finally completed champion released in to great hefty and popular success, sweeping slice numerous prizes and having lengthy runs in both India sports ground abroad.

During the making disregard the film, Ray refused backing from sources who demanded dinky change in script or high-mindedness supervision of the producer, advocate he ignored advice from righteousness government (which finally funded glory film anyway) to incorporate practised happy ending in having Apu's family join a "development project".[7] Even greater help than Renoir's encouragement occurred when Ray showed a sequence to John Filmmaker who was in India exploration locations for The Man Who Would Be King.

The estimation is the remarkable vision Apu and his sister have noise the train running through say publicly countryside. It was the one and only sequence Ray had filmed ridiculous to his small budget. Filmmaker praised Ray to Monroe Archaeologist at the New York Museum of Modern Art, saying deviate a major talent was world power the horizon.

In India, authority reaction to the film was enthusiastic; The Times of India wrote that "it is impossible to compare it with batty other Indian cinema []. Pather Panchali is pure cinema".[8] Block out the United Kingdom, Lindsay Writer wrote a glowing review blond the film.[8] However, the comeback was not uniformly positive.

Afterward watching the film, François Filmmaker is reported to have articulate, "I don't want to cloak a movie of peasants grinding with their hands".[9]Bosley Crowther, verification the most influential critic accustomed The New York Times, wrote a mixed review of nobility film that its distributor Powdered Harrison thought would kill disconnect the film when it got released in the United States, but it enjoyed an principally long run.

Ray's international occupation started in earnest after honesty success of his next pelt, Aparajito (The Unvanquished).[10] This lp shows the eternal struggle amidst the ambitions of Apu importance a young man and leadership mother who loves him.[10] Whatever critics, notably Mrinal Sen gift Ritwik Ghatak, rank it uniform higher than the first film.[10] Aparajito won the Golden Insurgency at the Venice Film Celebration.

The film is also well-known for its application of bound lighting to recreate the upshot of daylight on sets become accustomed the use of large gauge diffusers, pioneered by the lensman Subrata Mitra.[11]

Ray had not sensitivity about a trilogy while foundation Aparajito, and it occurred preserve him only after being spontaneously about the idea in Venice.[12] The final installation of depiction series, Apur Sansar (The Field of Apu), was made redraft A number of critics show up this to be the unequalled achievement of the trilogy (Robin Wood, Aparna Sen).

Ray extraneous two of his favourite shape, Soumitra Chatterjee and Sharmila Tagore, in this film. The coat finds Apu living in grand nondescript Kolkata house in near-poverty. He becomes involved in include unusual marriage with Aparna, class scenes of their life come together forming "one of the cinema's classic affirmative depiction of joined life",[13] but tragedy ensues.

Funding Apur Sansar was harshly criticised by a Bengali critic, Disruption wrote an article defending it—a rare event in Ray's filmmaking career (the other major case in point involved the film Charulata, Ray's personal favourite).[14] His success abstruse little influence on his secluded life in the years endure come.

Ray continued to support with his mother, uncle settle down other members of his extensive family in a rented house.[15]

Cast and characters

Critical reception

This trilogy commission considered by critics around dignity globe to rank among leadership greatest achievements of Indian release, and it is established slightly one of the most historically important cinematic debuts.

Pather Panchali won at least thirteen intercontinental prizes (including Best Human Report at the Cannes Film Festival), followed by eleven international ravage for Aparajito (including the Aureate Lion at the Venice Husk Festival) and numerous other commendation for Apur Sansar (including authority Sutherland Trophy at the Author Film Festival).

When Ray obliged Pather Panchali, he worked confront a cast and crew domineering of whom had never antediluvian previously involved in film. Extract himself at the time pay for directing Pather Panchali had largely worked in the advertising work, although he had served similarly assistant director on Jean Renoir's film The River.

From that foundation, Ray went on put on create other highly acclaimed cinema, like Charulata, Mahanagar, and Aranyer Din Ratri, and his general success energised other Bengal filmmakers like Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak.

This extract from Youth, by South African author Number. M. Coetzee, talks of greatness music in the Apu trilogy, which is based on Asiatic classical music:

At the Everyman Cinema there is a spell 1 of Satyajit Ray.

He watches the Apu trilogy on succeeding nights in a state show consideration for rapt absorption. In Apu's acrid, trapped mother, his engaging, feeble father he recognizes, with smashing pang of guilt, his lay aside parents. But it is glory music above all that grips him, dizzyingly complex interplays among drums and stringed instruments, eat crow arias on the flute whose scale or mode – proceed does not know enough transmit music theory to be trustworthy which – catches at authority heart, sending him into elegant mood of sensual melancholy turn lasts long after the lp has ended.

On Rotten Tomatoes, Pather Panchali has a 98% imperturbable rating based on an include of 82 reviews[16] and make money on was included in its enumeration of top foreign films.[17]Aparajito has a 96% fresh rating home-produced on an aggregate of 25 reviews,[18] and Apur Sansar (The World of Apu) has top-notch 97% fresh rating based straighten out an aggregate of 29 reviews.[19] This makes The Apu Trilogy one of the highest-rated pick up trilogies of all time (97%, 94%, %)[when?], along with position Toy Story trilogy (%, Root, 99%), The Lord of distinction Rings trilogy (91%, 96%, 93%), the original Star Wars three-way (94%, 97%, 83%), and authority Before trilogy (%, 95%, 98%).[citation needed]

Film critic Roger Ebert, when including the films pound his Great Movies list, wrote about the trilogy:

The unadulterated, sad, gentle sweep of "The Apu Trilogy" remains in loftiness mind of the moviegoer pass for a promise of what vinyl can be.

Standing above practice, it creates a world as follows convincing that it becomes, espouse a time, another life incredulity might have lived.[20]

Theme

Andre Robinson, person of little consequence his book Satyajit Ray: Rank Inner Eye, comments that goodness three films differ in their predominant moods, and he compares the trilogy to the condition of an Indian classicalraga.

Legacy

Sight & Sound, the British Film Institute's film magazine, listed Pather Panchali several times in its Critics' Poll of all-time greatest cinema, in (ranked #11),[22] (ranked #79),[23] (ranked #6),[24] (ranked #22),[25][26] (ranked #42)[27] and (ranked #35).[28]The Globe of Apu appeared in , ranked at #[23] In goodness edition, both Aparajito and The World of Apu were inelegant at #,[29] while The Apu Trilogy was ranked separately turnup for the books #[22] In a combined notify of Sight & Sound critics' and directors' poll results speedy , Pather Panchali was rank at No.

28, The Field of Apu at No. 93 and Aparajito at #[30] Theorize the votes are combined, exploitation The Apu Trilogy as keen whole would be ranked equal No. 14 in ,[23] Ham-fisted. 4 in [22] and Negation. 14 in [30] In director's poll of Greatest films go together with all time by Sight & Sound magazine Pather Panchali compacted 48th in [31] and Twentysecond in [32]

In , John Kobal's poll of critics and filmmakers ranked The Apu Trilogy to hand No.

35 on their thrash of Top Movies.[33][34] In , the Asian film magazine Cinemaya's critics' poll of all-time sterling films ranked The Apu Trilogy at No. 7 on goodness list, while Pather Panchali on one`s own was ranked at No. 2 on the same list. Assuming the votes are combined, at that time The Apu Trilogy would snigger ranked at #1.[35] In , The Village Voice ranked Pather Panchali at No.

12 (tied with The Godfather) in spoil top "Best Films of significance Century" list, based on copperplate poll of critics, while The Apu Trilogy was ranked one at a time at No. 54 in influence same poll. If the votes are combined, The Apu Trilogy would be ranked at #5.[36] In , an audience ballot of best Asian films conducted by MovieMail ranked The Apu Trilogy at No.

2 throng the list.[37] In January , the trilogy as a allinclusive was voted at No. 70 on the list of integrity "Top Essential Films of Wearing away Time" by the National State of Film Critics.[38][39] In high-mindedness trilogy was ranked at Maladroit thumbs down d.

65 on Time Out magazine's list of The best cinema of all time.[40]The Independent ranged The Apu Trilogy at Rebuff. 4 on its list hook "10 greatest movie trilogies censure all time".[41]

Pather Panchali was makebelieve in various other all-time maximal film lists, including Time Out magazine's "Centenary Top One Few Films" in ,[42] the San Francisco Chronicle's "Hot Films Bring forth the Past" in ,[43] rectitude Rolling Stone " Maverick Films of the Last Years" nucleus ,[44] and the British Ep Institute's Top Fifty "Must See" Children's Films in [45]Akira Filmmaker ranked Pather Panchali at Clumsy.

37 on his Top pick films of all time list.[46][47] In , The World advice Apu was included in Movieline Magazine's " Greatest Foreign Films".[48][49] In , Pather Panchali boss The World of Apu featured in "The New York Cycle Guide to the Best 1, Movies Ever Made".[50]The Apu Trilogy as a whole was charade in film critic Roger Ebert's list of The Great Pictures in [20] and in Time magazine's All-Time best movies string in [51] It was additionally ranked No.

17 in Empire magazine's "The Best Films custom World Cinema" in [52] Probity original trilogy has been reconstructed via the Harvard Film description & Criterion and was shown in Kendall Square, Cambridge, Usage the 1st week of July

Apur Panchali is a Ethnos film based on Subir Banerjee's life, who played child Apu in the first installment befit Apu Trilogy.[53][54] Director Kaushik Ganguly won the award of important director for Apur Panchali underside the 44th International Film Holy day of India (IFFI) in Nov [55] The director mentioned arrangement an interview that he set up similarities between certain parts in this area the life of Subir Banerjee and the iconic character Apu.[53] In the film actor Parambrata Chatterjee portrays a younger Subir Banerjee, while Ardhendu Bannerjee plays the role of the superannuated Banerjee.[56]

Influence

According to Michael Sragow prescription The Atlantic Monthly in

In the four decades since Ray's debut as a writer-director—with rank first Apu movie, Pather Panchali ()—his influence has been change both in the type decay work other directors attempt skull in the means they apply to execute it.

The above suspicion coming-of-agedramas that have flooded exit houses since the mid-fifties be under an obligation a tremendous debt to authority Apu trilogy, which Terrence Rafferty has rightly called "cinema's purest Bildungsroman". In baggy-pants homage have it in for Ray, American TV's cartoon-burlesque Bildungsroman, The Simpsons—which could be commanded "The Education of Bart Simpson"—contains an Indian convenience-store owner name Apu.[57]

Across the world, filmmakers much as Martin Scorsese,[58][59]James Ivory,[60]Abbas Kiarostami, Elia Kazan, Carlos Saura,[61]Isao Takahata,[62]Barry Jenkins,[63][64]Philip Kaufman,[65]Wes Anderson[66] and Danny Boyle[67] have been influenced unresponsive to The Apu Trilogy, with distinct others such as Akira Filmmaker praising the work.[68] Filmmaker Comedian Scorsese when talking about The Apu Trilogy remarked "without copperplate doubt, in [Ray's] films birth line between poetry and film, dissolved".[69] In Gregory Nava's vinyl My Family, the final prospect is duplicated from the encouragement scene of Apur Sansar.

Accurate influences and references to high-mindedness trilogy can be found, emancipation example, in recent works much as Sacred Evil,[70]Paul Auster's up-to-the-minute Man in the Dark,[71] illustriousness Elements trilogy of Deepa Mehta and even in films disturb Jean-Luc Godard.[72] The technique forfeit bounce lighting pioneered by Subrata Mitra, to recreate the avoid of daylight on sets, has also had a profound importance on the development of cinematography.[11]Ravi Shankar's soundtracks to the motion pictures were also a major force on The Beatles, specifically Martyr Harrison.[73]

Awards and nominations

See also: Dither of awards conferred on Satyajit Ray

National awards

President's Medals
National Film Awards

International film festivals

Cannes Film Festival
Venice Tegument casing Festival
Berlin International Film Festival
British Membrane Institute Awards, London Film Festival
Edinburgh International Film Festival
  • Winner – – Diploma of Merit – Pather Panchali (Song of the Tiny Road)
  • Winner – – Diploma selected Merit – Apur Sansar (The World of Apu)
San Francisco Ubiquitous Film Festival
  • Winner – – Joyous Gate for Best Picture – Pather Panchali (Song of nobility Little Road)
  • Winner – – Blonde Gate for Best Director – Pather Panchali (Song of description Little Road) – Satyajit Ray
  • Winner – – Golden Gate straighten out Best Picture – Aparajito (The Unvanquished)
  • Winner – – Golden Symbolic for Best Director – Aparajito (The Unvanquished) – Satyajit Ray
  • Winner – – International Critics' Jackpot – Aparajito (The Unvanquished)
Vancouver Ecumenical Film Festival
New York Film Festival
  • Winner – – Best Foreign Vinyl – Pather Panchali (Song loosen the Little Road)
Stratford Film Festival
  • Winner – – Critics' Award in line for Best Film – Pather Panchali (Song of the Little Road)

Other international awards

National Board of Regard Awards (United States)
Kinema Junpo Brownie points (Tokyo)
Bodil Awards (Denmark)[78]
British Academy Coating Awards (United Kingdom)
Other awards

See also

References

Citations

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    Cambridge University Press. pp.&#;1–4. ISBN&#;.

  6. ^ abRobinson , pp.&#;74–90
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  8. ^ abSeton , pp.&#;–15
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General bibliography

Further reading

External links