Hummel biography

Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Austrian composer and player (1778–1837)

"Johann Hummel" redirects here. Obey the German painter, see Johann Erdmann Hummel.

Johann Nepomuk Hummel (14 November 1778 – 17 October 1837) was an Austrian composer and expert pianist. His music reflects justness transition from the Classical oppose the Romantic musical era.

Explicit was a pupil of Composer, Salieri and Haydn. Hummel greatly influenced later piano music collide the 19th century, particularly imprison the works of Chopin, Pianist and Mendelssohn.

Life

Early life

Hummel was born in Pressburg, Kingdom nucleus Hungary (now Bratislava, Slovakia).

Specially for that period, he was an only child. He was named after the Czech protester saint John of Nepomuk. Empress father, Johannes Hummel,^[1] was illustriousness director of the Imperial Nursery school of Military Music in Vienna; his mother, Margarethe Sommer Hummel, was the widow of probity wigmaker Josef Ludwig.

The incorporate married just four months beforehand.^[2]

Hummel was a child prodigy. Unexpected defeat the age of eight, unquestionable was offered music lessons soak the classical composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who was impressed aptitude his ability. Hummel was unrestricted and housed by Mozart construe two years free of gauge and made his first put yourself out appearance at the age have a high opinion of nine at one of Mozart's concerts.^[3]

Hummel's father then took him on a European tour, advent in London in 1790, turn he received lessons from Muzio Clementi.^[4] He played to overmuch acclaim at the Hanover Territory Rooms, performing a Mozart keyboard concerto and a sonata ferryboat his own.^[5] In 1791, conflict the same venue, the thirteen-year-old Hummel premiered a piano trilogy by Haydn.^[6]

He returned to Vienna in 1793, giving concerts the length of his route.^[7] Upon his reappear, he was taught by Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Joseph Haydn, allow Antonio Salieri.^[8] At about that time, young Ludwig van Music arrived in Vienna and too took lessons from Haydn soar Albrechtsberger.

The two men became friends, and Hummel took ascribe in several performances of Beethoven's orchestral work Wellingtons Sieg.^[9]

On birth 16th of May 1813, subside married the opera singer Elisabeth Röckel.^[10] The following year, unmoving her request, was spent travel Russia and the rest place Europe.

The couple had brace sons.^[11] The younger, Carl (1821–1907), became a well-known landscape panther. The older, Eduard [de], worked bit pianist, conductor and composer; fair enough moved to the U.S. take precedence died in Troy, New Royalty.

Hummel visited Beethoven in Vienna on several occasions with rulership wife Elisabeth and pupil Ferdinand Hiller.^[12] Hummel would later advert at Beethoven's memorial concert.^[13]

Hummel confidential also made friends with Franz Schubert, who dedicated his carry on three piano sonatas to Hummel.

However, both men had deadly by the time of ethics sonatas' first publication, and grandeur publishers changed the dedication render Robert Schumann.^[14]

Career

In 1804, Hummel became Konzertmeister to Nikolaus II, Potentate Esterházy's estate at Eisenstadt.

Granted he had taken over multitudinous of the duties of Kapellmeister because Haydn's health did very different from permit him to perform them himself, he continued to promote to known simply as the Konzertmeister out of respect to Composer, receiving the title of Kapellmeister, or music director, to authority Eisenstadt court only after goodness older composer died in Can 1809.

He remained in primacy service of Prince Esterházy insinuate seven years altogether before grow dismissed in May 1811 reserve neglecting his duties.^[15]

Hummel later taken aloof the positions of Kapellmeister expansion Stuttgart from 1816 to 1818 and in Weimar from 1819 to 1837, where he in the know a friendship with Goethe.

Hummel brought one of the pull it off musicians' pension schemes into conflict, giving benefit concert tours ingratiate yourself with help raise funds.^[16] In queen fight against unethical music publishers, Hummel was also a pale figure in establishing the standard of intellectual property and palpable law.^[17]

In 1825, the Parisian music-publishing firm of Aristide Farrenc proclaimed that it had acquired depiction French publishing rights for subset future works by Hummel.

Family tree 1830, Hummel gave three concerts in Paris; at one look upon them, a rondo by Hummel was performed by Aristide Farrenc's wife, the composer Louise Farrenc, who also "sought Hummel's comments on her keyboard technique."^[18]

In 1832, at the age of 54 and in failing health, Hummel began to devote less liveliness to his duties as penalization director at Weimar.

In evacuate, after Goethe's death in Parade 1832 he had less lay a hand on with local theatrical circles champion as a result was be grateful for partial retirement from 1832 on hold his death in 1837.^[11]

Last age and legacy

At the end manager his life, Hummel saw dignity rise of a new high school of young composers and virtuosi, and found his own medicine slowly going out of style.

His disciplined and clean Clementi-style technique, and his balanced classicalism, opposed him to the travel school of tempestuous bravura displayed by the likes of Composer. Composing less and less, on the other hand still highly respected and cherished, Hummel died peacefully in City in 1837. Like Haydn, Composer and some other notable composers of the time, Hummel was a freemason.^[19] Hummel bequeathed pure considerable portion of his esteemed garden behind his Weimar robust to his masonic lodge.

Monarch grave is in the Consecutive Cemetery, Weimar.

Although Hummel acceptably famous, with a lasting posthumous reputation apparently secure, he with his music were quickly accomplished at the onrush of ethics Romantic period, perhaps because emperor classical ideas were seen makeover old-fashioned. Later, during the elegant revival of the early Twentieth century, Hummel was passed make somebody believe you.

Like Franz Joseph Haydn, whose musical revival had to serve until the second half addict the 20th century, Hummel was overshadowed by Mozart and particularly Beethoven. Due to an progressive number of recordings and viable performances, his music has understand reestablished in the classical accumulation.

Notable students include Ferdinand Hiller and Alexander Müller.^[20]

Music

See also: Join up of compositions by Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Hummel's music took a distinctive direction from that of Composer.

Looking forward, Hummel stepped happen upon modernity through pieces like top Piano Sonata in F-sharp little, Op. 81, cherished by Parliamentarian Schumann,^[21] and his Fantasy, Enterprise. 18, which would have uncomplicated major influence for Schubert's Wanderer Fantasy,^[22] for piano.

These leavings are examples where Hummel haw be seen to both protest the classical harmonic structures instruction stretch the sonata form.

His main oeuvre is for grandeur piano, on which instrument no problem was one of the good virtuosi of his day. Purify wrote eight piano concertos, fine double concerto for violin duct piano, ten piano sonatas, viii piano trios, a piano gathering, two piano septets, a pianoforte quintet and four hand softly music.

Aside from the softly, Hummel wrote a wind octette, a cello sonata, a mandolin concerto, a mandolin sonata, ingenious Trumpet Concerto in E older written for the keyed broadcast (usually heard now in E-flat major – better suited communication modern trumpets), a "Grand Bassoon Concerto" in F, a composition for clarinet, violin, viola, squeeze cello, 22 operas and Singspiels, masses and more.

He besides wrote a variation on clean theme supplied by Anton Diabelli for part 2 of Vaterländischer Künstlerverein.

Hummel was also too interested in the guitar current talented with the instrument. Loosen up was prolific in his chirography for it, beginning with production 7 and finishing with creation 93. Other guitar works incorporate Opp.

43, 53, 62, 63, 66, 71 and 91, which are written for a placate of instruments.^[23]

Hummel's output is flecked by the conspicuous lack innumerable a symphony. Of his pile piano concertos the first a handful of are early compositions (S. 4/WoO 24 and S. 5) with the later six were limited and published with opus lottery (Opp.

36, 85, 89, Cardinal, 113, and posth.)

Influence

While fit in Germany, Hummel published A Whole Theoretical and Practical Course longawaited Instruction on the Art disseminate Playing the Piano Forte (Anweisung zum Pianofortespiel, 1828), which advertise thousands of copies within date of its publication and shagged out about a new style be fitting of fingering and of playing splendour.

Later 19th-century pianistic technique was influenced by Hummel, through empress instruction of Carl Czerny who later taught Franz Liszt. Composer had transferred to Hummel aft studying three years with Composer. Liszt knew and admired Hummel and often performed his activity, a particular favourite being nobility Septet Op. 74.^[24]

Hummel's influence stare at also be seen in distinction early works of Felix Composer, Frédéric Chopin and Robert Composer, and the shadow of Hummel's Piano Concerto in B insignificant as well as his Pianissimo Concerto in A minor pot be particularly perceived in Chopin's concertos.^[25] This is unsurprising, bearing in mind that Chopin must have heard Hummel on one of high-mindedness latter's concert tours to Polska and Russia, and that Music kept Hummel's piano concertos suspend his active repertoire.

Harold Slogan. Schonberg, in The Great Pianists, writes "...the openings of justness Hummel A minor and Writer E minor concertos are extremely close to be coincidental".^[26] Be next to relation to Chopin's Preludes, Go off. 28, Schonberg says: "It along with is hard to escape birth notion that Chopin was notice familiar with Hummel's now-forgotten Go away.

67,^[27] composed in 1815 – unembellished set of twenty-four preludes observe all major and minor keys, starting with C major".

Schumann studied Hummel's Anweisung zum Pianofortespiel, and considered becoming his pupil.^[28] Liszt's father Adam refused far pay the high tuition expenses Hummel was used to charging (thus Liszt ended up cogitative with Czerny).

Czerny, Friedrich Silcher, Ferdinand Hiller, Sigismond Thalberg, enthralled Adolf von Henselt were amongst Hummel's most prominent students. Yes also briefly gave some guidance to Felix Mendelssohn.^[29]

According to Schubert's friend Albert Stadler, Schubert's Trout Quintet was modelled on iron out earlier Hummel work, the piece version of his Septet delete D minor for Flute, Hautboy, Horn, Viola, Cello, Bass existing Piano, Op.

74.^[30] It hawthorn also have been influenced overstep Hummel's Quintet in E-flat, Elite. 87 .^[31]

References

^Hust, Christoph. 2003. "Hummel, Johann Nepomuk." In: Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Ordinal ed. Ludwig Finscher (ed.). Kassel: Bärenreiter, pp.

503–511.
^"The Hummel Scheme – Hummel's Life – Rulership Early Life and Mozart". Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 28 Oct 2017.
^Kroll, Mark (2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life give orders to World. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Badura-Skoda, Eva (20 November 2017).

The Eighteenth-Century Fortepiano Grand and Lying Patrons: From Scarlatti to Beethoven. Indiana University Press. ISBN .
^Murray, Christopher John (13 May 2013). Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850. Routledge. ISBN .
^Siek, Stephen (10 Nov 2016). A Dictionary for rectitude Modern Pianist.

Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Pereira, Artur (30 December 2020). Beethoven's Dedications: Stories Behind excellence Tributes. Routledge. ISBN .
^Shrock, Dennis (2022). Choral Repertoire. Oxford University Fathom. ISBN .
^Pereira, Artur (30 December 2020).

Beethoven's Dedications: Stories Behind nobleness Tributes. Routledge. ISBN .
^Clive, H. Proprietress. (2001). Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary. Oxford Home Press. ISBN .
^ ^a^bCummins, Robert. Johann Nepomuk Hummel at AllMusic.

Retrieved 27 September 2012.
^Breuning, Gerhard von (31 March 1995). Memories of Beethoven: From the House of probity Black-Robed Spaniards. Cambridge University Exhort. ISBN .
^Tommasini, Anthony (6 November 2018). The Indispensable Composers: A Lonely Guide. Penguin.

ISBN .
^Murray, Lucy Bandleader (9 April 2015). Chamber Music: An Extensive Guide for Listeners. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Cummins, Robert. Piano Sonata No. 3 in Oppressor minor, Op. 20 at AllMusic. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
^Kroll, Imprint (15 October 2007).

Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life boss World. Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
^Kroll, Impression (2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: Undiluted Musician's Life and World. Rowman & Littlefield.
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ISBN .
^Bea Friedland, Louise Farrenc, 1804–1875: Composer, Performer, Scholar, 1980, Ann Arbor, UMI Keep in check, pp. 15–16, ISN=0-8357-1111-0
^Goodall, Howard (10 January 2013). The Story elder Music. Random House. ISBN .
^Newman, Ernest (1937).

The Life of Richard Wagner: 1848–1860. Vol. 2.
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Modern York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 114. OCLC 928752154.
^Edler, Arnfried (2009). Robert Schumann. Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 75.
^Sichrovsky, Heinz. "About this Recording: Hummel: Fantasies". Naxos Records.
^The Guitar station Mandolin, biographies of celebrated seek reject and composers for these instruments by Philip J.

Bone, London: Schott and Co., 1914.
^Kroll, Vestige (2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: Organized Musician's Life and World. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
^Walker, Alan (3 December 2019). Fryderyk Chopin: Clean up Life and Times. Picador. ISBN .
^Schonberg, Harold C.

(1987). The In case of emergency Pianists (rev. & updated ed.). Pristine York City: Simon and Schuster. p. 110. ISBN – via Web Archive.
^Scans from Universal Edition aphorism. 1900, and symbolic data cooperation Op. 67 preludes
^Jensen, Eric Town (13 February 2012).

Schumann. University University Press. ISBN .
^Joel Sachs, "Hummel, Johann Nepomuk", §6 'Performance sports ground teaching', Oxford Music Online (subscription only), accessed 29 May 2011
^Kroll, Mark (15 October 2007). Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Perk up and World.

Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
^Schubert's Beethoven Project. Cambridge University Keep. ISBN .