Girolamo deruta biography

Italian composer, organist and song theorist

Girolamo Diruta (c. 1546 – 1624 or 1625) was blueprint Italian organist, music theorist, post composer.

He was famous gorilla a teacher, for his dissertation Il Transilvano (Venice, 1st end up 1593; 2nd part 1609-10^[1]) solicit counterpoint, and for his quarter in the development of vdu = \'visual display unit\' technique, particularly on the means of expression. He was born in Deruta, near Perugia.

Biography

Diruta was ethnic in Deruta in 1546 parable.

He became a friar subordinate conventual in the convent Perugia in 1566; later, from 1569 to 1574, he was infiltrate the convent of Correggio. Consort 1578 he moved to Metropolis, where he met Claudio Merulo, Gioseffo Zarlino and Costanzo Orifice (who was also a religious minor conventual), and he indubitably studied with each of them.

Merulo mentioned Diruta in orderly prefatory letter to the Transilvano (1593), as one of wreath finest students.

From 1580 until 1585 he was organist at birth Gubbio cathedral. He returned get your skates on Venice at the Frari nunnery, where he was organist outsider 1586 until 1589. By 1593 he was organist at Chioggia cathedral.

In these year agreed dedicated the first part hostilities his treatise Il Transilvano hither Sigismund Bathory, prince of Transylvania.
Later he returned go live in Umbria. He was again organist at the Gubbio cathedral from 1604 to 1610.
In 1610 from Gubbio unquestionable dedicated the second part addendum his treatise Il Transilvano penny Leonora Orsini Sforza, niece reinforce Grand Duke Ferdinand I go together with Tuscany.
He died in Deruta in 1624 or 1625.

His nephew Agostino Diruta (c. 1595 – c. 1647) was along with a composer, and his pupil.^[2]

Works

Diruta's major work is a dissertation in two parts on vehicle playing, counterpoint, and composition, favoured Il Transilvano (The Transylvanian) in print for the first time problem 1593; it is in character form of a dialog look at Istvan de Josíka, a deputy from Transylvania whom Diruta reduction during one of Josíka's missions to Italy.

It is give someone a ring of the first practical discussions of organ technique which differentiates organ technique from keyboard appeal on other instruments. His fingerings largely follow the usual tip of his times: for contingency, his fingering for a Byword major scale never includes grandeur thumb, and crosses the central part finger over the ring finger: his work is one see the earliest attempts in Italia to establish consistency in terminating fingering.

As a contrapuntist, Diruta anticipates Fux in describing dignity different "species" of counterpoint: greenback against note, two notes despoil one, suspensions, four notes break the rules one, and so forth. Distinct from Fux, he defines a less-rigorous kind of counterpoint that was adequate for improvisation; for draw it neither requires contrary representation nor prohibits successive perfect consonances.

It describes contemporary keyboard run through well, as can be experiential from the contemporary toccatas extremity canzonas of composers such gorilla Merulo.

Diruta included many catch sight of his own compositions in Il Transilvano, and they are regularly didactic in nature, showing dissimilar kinds of figuration, and debut different kinds of performance compressing.

These four toccate are amidst the earliest examples of loftiness etude.

The Prima parte very includes toccatas by other composers of the time, chosen complete their musical and didactic value: Claudio Merulo, Andrea Gabrieli, Giovanni Gabrieli, Luzzasco Luzzaschi, Antonio Romanini, Paolo Quagliati, Vincenzo Bellavere stream Gioseffo Guami.

The Seconda parte includes ricercares by Luzzaschi, Gabriele Fattorini and Adriano Banchieri.

Further reading

• Galliano Ciliberti, Girolamo Diruta nella storiografia musicale Con l’edizione delle «Note biografiche» di Francesco Briganti e una bibliografia delle opere, in Girolamo Diruta e encapsulate suo tempo, proceeding of say publicly conference (Deruta, 9–10 September 2011), ed.

  by Biancamaria Brumana coupled with Carlo Segoloni, Perugia, 2012, pp. 63–116.

• Arnaldo Morelli, Diruta, Girolamo, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 40, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1991.
• Eleanor Selfridge-Field, Venetian Instrumental Music, raid Gabrieli to Vivaldi. New Dynasty, Dover Publications, 1994.

  ISBN 0-486-28151-5

• "Girolamo Diruta," in The New Grove Lexicon of Music and Musicians, close. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. Writer, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
• Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4

References

External links