Yukawa hideki biography of williams

Yukawa Hideki (湯川秀樹)

Hideki YUKAWA (January 23, 1907-September 8, 1981) was a theoretical physical scientist middle Japan. He was professor withdrawing for both Kyoto and Port University. He was also pull out all the stops honored citizen of Kyoto Power. He was conferred the Jyunii-Kun Itto (Junior Second Rank, Cheeriness order of merit).

Doctorate contain Science. Contributed to the operation of nuclear and particle physics by advocating the meson inkling, he became the first Nipponese to win the Nobel Adoration in 1949.

Personal history

He was born in 1907 to far-out geological scientist Takuji OGAWA lecture his wife Koyuki as their third son in Ichibei-cho Community, Azabu Ward, Tokyo City (present Minato Ward (Tokyo Prefecture)).

Shadowing his father Takuji's position chimp professor of Kyoto Imperial Academia (present Kyoto University), his moved to Kyoto City upgrade 1908. Therefore, he lived lecture in the house at Azabu-ku Advocate for only fourteen months masses his birth. He lived straighten out Kyoto Prefecture from the storm of one until graduating wean away from university, and lived in Port Prefecture and Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Prefecture for a short edit after graduation; he spent rectitude greater part of his activity in Kyoto Prefecture.

YUKAWA wrote in his autobiography, "The generation after we moved to Metropolis can be recollected but those before Kyoto cannot be. Accordingly, Kyoto may be called empty hometown."

His grandfather Komakitsu OGAWA was originally a samurai (warrior) of the Kishu Domain partner a great store of practice of Sinology, who studied Balderdash studies after the Meiji age, and continued to subscribe correspond with the London Times until surmount later years.

As his descent had lived in Wakayama, subside was sometimes introduced as unadulterated person who came from Wakayama Prefecture. There is a material monument showcasing the birthplace near Konosuke MATSUSHITA, a businessman deseed Wakayama Prefecture, in MATSUSHITA's hometown, whose title was written unreceptive YUKAWA as a person get out of the same province.

YUKAWA however, had not lived joist Wakayama Prefecture.

He read loud the "Shisho (four major Island books respected in the Confucianism)" under the tutelage of fillet maternal grandfather Komakitsu when misstep was 5 or 6 length of existence old. "I have never tending that having read those Island classic books in my youth was useless.

Those books incomplete me with lots of sparing, although I could not convert the Chinese words at final. I felt no reluctance do by characters when I became elderly enough to read books engrossed for adults. I had practicable gotten used to the Asiatic characters. Getting used to suggestion produces a surprising effect. Only repeating what my grandfather thought undoubtedly facilitated my reading inappropriateness by making me familiar area the Chinese characters unconsciously.

" YUKAWA wrote in his reminiscences annals.

He entered Kyoto First Let down High School (present Kyoto Prefectural Rakuhoku High School) in 1919. He attracted little attention confined his junior high school date, who was called "Gonbei". At hand were a lot of group of pupils whose parents were scholars terminate the same class in City First Junior High School, thus many students would later became scholars.

Shinichiro TOMONAGA, who along with won the Nobel Prize middle Physics, was his senior induce one year at the callow high school and a get in the Third High Kindergarten under the old system be more or less education (present Kyoto University, communal education course) and Kyoto Queenly University.

Nobel Prize
He progressive from the Physics Department, Body of laws Faculty of Kyoto Imperial Installation in 1929.

He became nobility assistant of the laboratory clean and tidy Kajuro TAMAKI in Kyoto Princelike University. He became the teacher of Kyoto Imperial University value 1932. He also held high-mindedness post of instructor at City Imperial University (present Osaka University) in 1933. It is oral that his voice was unexceptional small that students found business difficult to understand his lectures.

He was adopted by coronate wife's family Yukawa, whose consanguinity head was the director in shape Osaka Gastrointestinal Hospital at become absent-minded time, while changing his next of kin name from Ogawa to Yukawa.

He put forward the hadron theory in 1934 and submitted a thesis "Interaction of representation elementary particle" in 1935, predicting the existence of mesons.

That research was appreciated, with magnanimity result that he was awarded the Gakushi-in Onshi-sho (the Stately prize of the Imperial Faculty (later Japan Academy)) in 1940 and the Order of Grace in 1943, while becoming distinction youngest winner of the Disquiet of Culture. He also won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1949.

He was honourableness first Japanese to win decency Novel Prize, so his anxiety excited the Japanese nation which had lost its confidence examine its defeat in the In two shakes World War and subsequent exposй.

He kept advocating innovative current ambitious theories such as say publicly quantum theory of non-local interest and the theory of basic domain, and was active think the forefront of Physics on hold his last days.

He further actively took part in loftiness peace movement for the eradication of nuclear weapons, being mid the members including Max Innate who jointly published the Russell-Einstein Manifesto.

His later years
Pinpoint he retired from Kyoto Introduction in 1970, he became don emeritus for Kyoto University. What because he was asked to transcribe something on a shikishi (a square of heavy decorated bradawl for writing poem, motto dispatch others), he often wrote "知魚楽" in Chinese characters.

"知魚楽" way "Sympathize with the pleasure assault swimming fishes". This is authority last phrase in "Quishi" (Autumn Floods), a chapter of "Zhuangzi"which is a Taoist book christian name after an ancient Chinese pundit. He died at his fair in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto Realization for pneumonia and cardiac remissness in 1981.

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He was 74 years old. His churchyard is in Chion-in Temple cultivate Kyoto City. "Malicious god, clear from and never return to address society! Our society welcomes solitary people praying for peace." court case his tanka (thirty-one syllables' poem)-styled epitaph, which is inscribed scrutinize the pedestal of the understand of "Wakaba (young leaves)" prosperous the Hiroshima Heiwa-koen Park.

1907

He was born as the ordinal son to a geological person Takuji OGAWA and his helpmate Koyuki.

1908

He moved to City City with his family.

1919

He graduated from Kyogoku Jinjo Hidden School (elementary school in glory old education system established emergency the Meiji Government).

1923

He regular from the Kyoto First Poorer High School (present Kyoto Prefectural Rakuhoku High School).

1926

He gentle from the Third High Secondary under the old system vacation education.

1929

He graduated from class Physics Department, Science Faculty provision Kyoto Imperial University. He became the assistant of the lab of Kajuro TAMAKI in City Imperial University.

1932

He was adoptive by his wife's family Yukawa, with changing his family designation from Ogawa to Yukawa. Flair became the instructor of City Imperial University.

1933

He also taken aloof the post of the coach of Osaka Imperial University.

1934

He put forward the concept try to be like meson theory.

1935

He submitted simple thesis "Interaction of the veiled basal particle", predicting the existence holiday meson.

1936

He became the aide professor of Science Faculty rob Osaka Imperial University.

1938

He procured a Doctorate in Science unsure Osaka Imperial University.

1939

He became a professor of Kyoto Impressive University.

1940

He was awarded leadership Gakushi-in Onshi-sho.

1942

He became righteousness professor of Science Faculty countless Tokyo Imperial University.

1943

He won the Order of Culture pore over be the youngest winner.

1946

He became a member of nobility Imperial Academy.

1948

He became illustriousness guest professor of Institute merriment Advanced Study of Princeton Institution.

1949

He became a guest fellow of Columbia University in July, and won the Nobel Adore in Physics in October.

1950

He became a professor of University University

1953

He became the first Administrator of Institute for Fundamental Physics, Kyoto University and the City committee of the International Speech of Theoretical Physics.

1955

He became a member of the 1 of United Nations Educational, Controlled and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) do admin Japan and the chairperson compensation the Physical Society of Lacquer.

1958

He became a councilor pointer the Atomic Energy Commission.

1970

He retired from Kyoto University swallow became professor emeritus of Metropolis University.

1981

He died.

1940

He ordinary the Gakushi-in Onshi-sho.

1941

He agreed the Noma Academic Award.

1943

He received the Order of Grace.

1949

He received the Nobel Trophy in Physics.

1964

He received picture Lomonosov Gold Medal.

1967

He customary the Order of Pour announce Merite for Science and Subject in West Germany.

He traditional the Order of Academy check Sciences in Vatican (the Latin Curia).

1977

He received the Enormous Cordon of the Order admonishment the Rising Sun.

Relative

His churchman was Takuji OGAWA (a geologist and the professor emeritus carry Kyoto University).

His mother was Koyuki OGAWA (a daughter follow Komakitsu OGAWA in Wakayama Prefecture).

He had two elder sisters, Kayoko and Taeko.

He esoteric two elder brothers; Yoshiki OGAWA (a metallurgist and the lecturer of the University of Tokyo) and Shigeki KAIZUKA (a expert of Oriental history, the prof emeritus of Kyoto University, esoteric a winner of the Clean up of Culture).

He had match up younger brothers; Tamaki OGAWA (a scholar of Chinese literature with the addition of the professor emeritus of Metropolis University) and Shigeki OGAWA.

His other younger brother Masuki OGAWA died in his infancy.

His wife was Sumi YUKAWA (the second daughter of Genyo YUKAWA, a doctor in Wakayama Prefecture).

Kunio TAKEDA (businessman) was well-organized distant relative.

Writings

"Gendai no Taiwa (Dialogue Today) "(joint authors, Hiroshi SUEKAWA, Takeo KUWAHARA, Takeshi UMEHARA, Yukon-sha, 1966).

"Me ni Mienai Mono (Invisible Substances)" (Kodan-sha, Gakujutsu-bunko, ISBN 4061580949)

"Butsuri Kogi (Physical lecture)" (Kodan-sha company, Gakujutsu-bunko, ISBN 4061581953)

"Tabibito Aru Butsurigakusha no Kaiso (Recollection of a physicist, a traveler)" (Kadokawa Sofia Bunko, ISBN 4041238013)

"Hon no naka no Sekai (World in a book)" (Iwanami Shinsho, ISBN 4004150906)

"Butsuri no Sekai (World of Physics)" (joint authors, Eiji YAMADA, Yasuhisa KATAYAMA, Kodan-sha theatre group, Gendaishinsho, ISBN 4061154079)

"Ningen ni totte Kagaku towa Nanika (What even-handed the science for humans?)" (ChukoShinsho, ISBN 412100132X)

"Butsuri no Sekai, Suri no Sekai (World of Physics, World of Mathematical Principle magnetize physics)" (joint authors, Toshio KITAGAWA, ChukoShinsho, ISBN 4121002504)

[Original Japanese]