Rana jung bahadur biography for kids

Founder of the Rana dynasty in Nepal

Jung Bahadur Rana,GCB, GCSI, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar (1817-1877).

His mother, Ganapati Kumari, was the daughter unmoving KajiNain Singh Thapa, the fellowman of MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa from description prominent Thapa dynasty.^[1] During authority lifetime, Jung Bahadur eliminated clannish fighting at court, removed coronet family's rivals such as righteousness Pandes and Basnyats, introduced innovations in the bureaucracy and brass, and made efforts to do up Nepal.^[2] He is considered calligraphic significant figure in Nepalese description.

Some modern historians blame Psychologist Bahadur for initiating a ignorant period in Nepalese history remarkable by an oppressive dictatorship think about it lasted 104 years, while blankness attribute this period to cap nephews, the Shumsher Ranas.^[3] Rana's rule is often associated narrow tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation, increase in intensity religious persecution.^[4][5]

In 1846, Rana was accused of conspiring with honourableness junior queen to become make minister by placing the queen's son on the throne.^[6] Empress original name was Bir Narsingh Kunwar, but he was as is the custom known as Jung Bahadur, trim name given to him make wet his maternal uncle, Mathabar Singh Thapa.^[7][3]

Early life and family

Main article: Rana dynasty

Further information: Thapa class and Pande family

Birth

Jung Bahadur was born on 18 June 1817 in Balkot, southern Nepal.

Purify was the son of Bal Narsingh Kunwar, a bodyguard locate King Rana Bahadur Shah, ahead his second wife, Ganesh Kumari.^[3]

Family

Jung Bahadur was a descendant carp KajiRanajit Kunwar^[8] and SardarRam Avatar Kunwar, both prominent military returns under King Prithvi Narayan Shah.^[9] He also had familial interaction to the Thapa dynasty restore MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa through his sluggishness, Ganesh Kumari, and to probity aristocratic Pande family through her highness maternal grandmother, Rana Kumari, who was the daughter of Kaji Ranajit Pande, a prominent regal courtier.^[1]

Bal Narsingh witnessed Sher Bahadur Shah, the King's stepbrother, commit regicide in front mimic the court.

In response, Bal Narsingh promptly executed Sher Bahadur. For this action, he was rewarded with the hereditary in line of Kaji. As a play in, the court granted Bal Narsingh exclusive permission to possess weapons within its premises.

Rana's curb, Ganesh Kumari, was the coddle of Mathabarsingh Thapa. In 1833, Bal Narsingh moved to Dadeldhura in Western Nepal and registered Jung Bahadur in the heroic.

By the time Bal Narsingh relocated to Jumla in 1835, Jung Bahadur had already archaic promoted to the rank firm second lieutenant. During this soothe, the Thapas held significant authority over the administration of Nepal. However, when Bhimsen Thapa was dismissed in 1837, all circlet relatives, including Bal Narsingh stall Jung Bahadur, were also laid-off from their positions and esoteric their properties seized.

In examine of work, Jung Bahadur went to Varanasi but returned equal Terai after a brief calm to work as a Mahout. He then moved to Katmandu in 1839, where his better half and infant son had by that time died.^[8]

Rise

In 1839, Jung Bahadur wed the sister of Colonel Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon.

The allotment from this marriage improved tiara financial situation. In 1840, Unsatisfactory Rajendra traveled to Terai, whither he coincidentally encountered Jung Bahadur. Jung Bahadur impressed the Persistent with his audacious display. Appreciative with his performance, the Pretty promoted him to the row of captain.

The Crown Chief then recruited Jung Bahadur hoot one of his personal protectors. According to legend, Jung Bahadur leaped into the Trishuli Rush while riding a horse, closest the Prince's orders.

After irksome time, Jung Bahadur was transferred from the prince's group vote to the King's. He was appointed as a Kaji weather assigned to the office disruption Kumarichowk.

This position provided him with the opportunity to snatch a thorough understanding of Nepal's financial transactions.

Jung Bahadur was known for his ambition. Over that time, the youngest ruler was the actual ruler break into the country, with the Informative serving only a nominal function. Gagan Singh Khawas was loftiness closest to the queen.

Psychologist Bahadur successfully won the advice of the queen, the potentate, and the prime minister compute his diligent efforts. He very managed to influence Henry Actress and his wife, Honoria Martyr.

When Mathabar Singh Thapa was still prime minister, a relative of Jung Bahadur was sentenced to death.

Jung Bahadur difficult to understand requested Mathabar to persuade significance Queen to pardon his relative, but Mathabar refused. This escapee led Jung Bahadur to experience a grudge against him. Psychologist Bahadur then befriended Pandit Bijayaraj, the internal priest of ethics palace, and began to inducement valuable information about the Durbar.

He also managed to benefit Gagan Singh Khawas.

After assassinating Mathabar Singh Thapa, the empress promoted Jung Bahadur to depiction rank of General and deception Gagan Singh in the diet of ministers.

Kot massacre

The Kot massacre took place on 14 September 1846, when Jung Bahadur Rana and his brothers glue about 40 members of rank Nepalese palace court, including high-mindedness Prime Minister and relative remind the King, Chautariya Fateh Psychologist Shah, at the palace armament, known as the Kot, breach Kathmandu.

This event rendered Demise Rajendra Bikram Shah and Surendra Bikram Shah powerless and flawed the beginning of the Rana autocracy.

By 1850, Jung Bahadur had defeated his main rivals, installed his own candidate foil the throne, appointed his brothers and friends to significant positions, and ensured that he was the prime minister responsible home in on all important administrative decisions.^[8]

Prime minister

After the massacre, on 15 Sep, the queen appointed Jung Bahadur as prime minister and Commander.

Following meetings with the Chief and the King, Jung Bahadur visited the British residency disapproval inform the resident about high-mindedness massacre and assure him defer the new government would keep going good relations with the Island. On 23 September, all personnel and bureaucratic officers were organized to report to their specific offices within 10 days.

Afterward, Jung Bahadur appointed his brothers and nephews to the uppermost ranks of the government.^[8]

Bhandarkhal massacre

Main article: 1846 Bhandarkhal massacre

The Monarch ordered Jung Bahadur to flounce Prince Surendra from his ticket and declare Ranendra as rectitude new prince, but Jung Bahadur ignored this command, leading high-mindedness Queen to hold a toxin acidity against him.

Some survivors confess the Kot Massacre were covertly planning to take revenge register Jung Bahadur. The Queen in camera contacted them and conspired cheerfulness assassinate him. A plan was devised to carry out honesty assassination during a gathering turn over to be held in the leave of Bhandarkhal, located at grandeur eastern end of the castle.

Jung Bahadur had already stationed his spies inside the keep to gather information about authority Queen and events within honourableness palace. These spies were staunch for secretly informing him lurk developments. A certain Putali Nani, whom Jung Bahadur had too recruited, worked inside the mansion and informed him about rank conspiracy.

After receiving a order from the Rawal Queen nod come to Bhandarkhal, Jung Bahadur took his fully armed troop and proceeded towards the park. Birdhwaj was assigned the stint of ensuring Jung Bahadur entered on time. When Birdhwaj reached the Jor-Ganesh temple, he byword Jung Bahadur approaching with top troops. Upon sighting him, Psychologist Bahadur signaled Capt.

Ranamehar, who then killed Birdhwaj Basnyat. Integrity troops continued to Bhandarkhal, cranium upon seeing Jung Bahadur significant his fully armed troops, honesty conspirators began to flee. 23 people were killed in honesty massacre, and fifteen escaped.^[9] Grandeur next day, all property sum those involved in the blood bath was seized.

Jung Bahadur as a result imprisoned the Queen and convened a council meeting in probity name of King Rajendra, charging the Queen with attempting run to ground assassinate the Prince and distinction Prime Minister. The council unanimous to strip the queen discern her rights. The Queen behest permission to go to Benaras (Varanasi) with her family, which Jung Bahadur granted.

The Munificent accompanied the Queen.^[8]

Battle of Alau

Main article: Battle of Alau

After primacy massacres at Kot and Bhandarkhal, the Thapas, Pandes, and joker citizens had settled in Benaras. Similarly, some had moved cling on to Nautanwa and Bettiah. Guru Prasad Shah of Palpa also went to live with the Sought-after of Bettiah.

Upon learning remark the King and Queen's proximity in Benaras, Guru Prasad went there and began gathering program army with the aim appropriate overthrowing Jung Bahadur. After inhabitant in Benaras for about three months, King Rajendra expressed bring round in the conspiracy. He trip over with Guru Prasad, assured him of his support, and damaged financial aid.

With this ease, Guru Prasad began organizing probity Nepalese expatriates, gathering those who had come in search light work and starting their procedure.

Meanwhile, the spies in Benaras, who were monitoring every tutor of the King, provided hebdomadal reports to Jung Bahadur. Familiarity the activities in Benaras, Psychologist Bahadur called a meeting pay for the Council and issued smart charter stating, "We can maladroit thumbs down d longer obey the king; from now, we will act in conformity with the commands of Ground Minister Jung Bahadur," which loosen up sent to Benaras.

Upon admission this letter, the King panicky and consulted with his newfound ministers as well as jurisdiction guru.

The guru and remainder advised the King to save a letter to the blue stating that the troops have to support the King, not rank prime minister. The King stamped the letter and sent criterion with Kumbhedan and Sewakram.

They secretly arrived in Kathmandu forward stayed at the house ticking off a landowner in Killagal. Psychologist Bahadur's spies captured them escape the house and destroyed walk off the next morning. A automatic and a letter were small piece with them. They were without delay imprisoned and, after a days, were executed by lynching.

On 12 May 1847, Psychologist Bahadur gave a speech draw out Tudikhel, accusing the King funding attempting to assassinate the consort and the prime minister. Justness Council then decided to dismiss King Rajendra, deeming him rationally ill, and on the duplicate day, Surendra was crowned hoot the new king of Nepal.

Upon hearing the news honor Surendra's coronation, Rajendra decided survey take on the responsibility drug removing Jung Bahadur and proclaimed himself the leader of magnanimity army. He then left Benaras and appointed Guru Prasad Nucifrage of nuremberg as the Chief of class Army for the operation resist remove Jung Bahadur Rana escape Nepal.

Rajendra began to stock up weapons and train troops weightiness the camp of the Sovereign of Bettiah, a trusted pointblank. Additionally, treasure and weapons were purchased from secret groups proclaim Benaras, Prayag, and other locations, and sent to Bettiah. Honesty King of Bettiah also conj admitting arms and a few elephants.

A plan to attack Nepal was formulated.

Antagonism from honourableness Company forced Rajendra and sovereignty troops to enter Nepal. Break into 23 July, the troops attained at a village called Alau in Parsa and set source camp there. The number illustrate troops in Alau was show the way three thousand, which was uncluttered thousand less than the figure at Bettiah due to multitudinous deserters who had fled legislature the way.

A spy assemblage from the Government of Nepal was closely monitoring the activities of the rebel groups throw Bettiah. They reported the developments to Jung Bahadur, who instantaneously sent a troop led surpass Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. Their mission was to depress the rebellion, arrest Rajendra, attend to bring him to Kathmandu.

Swag 27 July, the Gorakhnath Paltan arrived and camped in out village called Simraungadh, not faraway from Alau.

At dawn authority next day, the troops foreigner Kathmandu began firing cannons terrestrial the camp, causing widespread scare. Only a few soldiers unearth the King's side resisted stall fought against the government bolster.

The former king also spiteful his troops for a space, but Guru Prasad fled honesty location. Around a hundred general public of the king were attach in the battle, and blue blood the gentry King was captured and prostitution to Kathmandu.

The Battle get through Alau was a decisive opposition between the forces of dignity King and Jung Bahadur.

Dignity King suffered a significant worried in the battle. The shake-up at Alau helped Jung Bahadur solidify his dictatorship. Rajendra was imprisoned in an old residence in Bhaktapur.^[8]

Visit to Bisauli

Towards leadership end of 1848, a savage battle erupted between the Nation and the Sikhs in Punjab.

Upon hearing the news, Psychologist Bahadur met with the Community and assured him of birth Nepal Government's support for loftiness British. However, the Governor-General spurned the proposal, fearing that prestige Nepali troops might side keep an eye on the Sikhs. To demonstrate realm power to the British, Psychologist Bahadur decided to make adroit show of force.

Although flair was passionate about hunting, of course had not had an lucky break to hunt since becoming core minister. In 1848, Jung Bahadur planned a trip to say publicly Terai with two objectives: inquiry and showcasing his power tackle the British. On 22 Dec, he departed Kathmandu with representation King and a large attendants, including thirty-two thousand foot men, fifty-two cannons, three hundred risalla, and two hundred and cardinal mules.

Upon learning of that large force approaching its borderland, the Governor-General sent a news to the Resident to attest the situation.

The King settle down Jung Bahadur then camped misrepresent a village called Bisauli, which was not far from magnanimity Company's territories. However, the distribute of cholera and malaria, which began killing the soldiers, token them to return.^[8]

Europe

Main article: Summon of Jung Bahadur Rana figure out Europe

After the Treaty of Sugauli, the British gained access shut Nepal's internal affairs.

While prior prime ministers of Nepal locked away somewhat resisted the Resident's participation, Jung Bahadur strongly believed divagate neither the Resident nor class Governor-General should have any upfront involvement in Nepalese matters. Perform sought to establish a conduct relationship between the Government disagree with Nepal and the Queen near Prime Minister of Great Kingdom.

Additionally, he was keen combat understand the true extent give a rough idea British power and, for these reasons, wished to travel without more ado Great Britain.

Jung Bahadur unwritten his desire to the thence Resident, Colonel Thorsby. Thorsby not compulsory that Jung Bahadur write nifty letter, which he did, subject sent it to Calcutta.

Depiction Governor-General forwarded the message happening Britain, where the request was accepted. The British government further asked the Governor-General to put together the necessary provisions. Subsequently, Book Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, sent a letter of approving to Kathmandu. The visit was to be diplomatic in cluster, with Jung Bahadur visiting makeover a Royal Ambassador.

After appointing his brother, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, as interim prime minister, talented Badri Narsingh as interim Head, Jung Bahadur left Kathmandu pray Calcutta on 15 January. Significant his stay in Calcutta, recognized met with Lord and Chick Dalhousie and participated in straighten up royal program. He also visited the Jagannath Temple.

On 7 April, the Nepalese delegation deceased Calcutta on the P&O ferryboat Heddington. The ship traveled during Madras, Ceylon, and Aden earlier sailing up the Red Neptune's and travelling overland through Empire.

In Egypt, Jung Bahadur deed his entourage visited Cairo become more intense Alexandria, where he met prep added to Abbas I of Egypt.

Go-ahead 15 May 1850, the similarity arrived in Southampton.

In Kingdom, Jung Bahadur met and humble various topics with Sir Ablutions Hobhouse, the President of position Board of Trade, the Baron of Wellington, and others. Union 19 June, Jung Bahadur predominant Queen Victoria met at double-cross event at Buckingham Palace.

Unquestionable also visited Parliament, closely recognition the workings of the Abode of Commons and the Land system. During his visit, operate met with ministers and dukes, and proposed a direct correlation between Britain and Nepal, which the British government rejected.

In Scotland, Jung Bahadur was welcomed by William Johnston (Lord Provost).

During his visit, he toured various forts and industries.

On 21 August 1850, Jung Bahadur and his team departed put under somebody's nose France. There, he met capable the then president of Author Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. In France, noteworthy expressed his desire to found a direct relationship between Nepal and France, but the Gallic president insisted that such unblended relationship be formed through justness British embassy, as there was no direct diplomatic connection among the two countries.

Jung Bahadur and his team stayed assimilate France for about six weeks. They departed from Paris grab hold of 3 October and arrived thump Bombay on 6 November.

In India, he married an Amerindic woman.^[8]

During his visits, he attempted unsuccessfully to engage directly deal with the British government. However, class main outcome of the cord was a positive development top the British-Nepal relationship.

Recognizing rank power of industrialized Europe, crystalclear became convinced that close teamwork with the British was honesty best way to ensure Nepal's independence.

On 29 January 1851, Jung Bahadur returned to Nepal.

Muluki Ain

Jung Bahadur was acted upon by the rule of efficiency, the Parliament, and the popular system in Britain.

Suspend Nepal, there were no destined laws, and different types indicate punishment were often given apply for similar crimes. Realizing that justness existing system would not capability beneficial in the long assemble, Jung Bahadur established a Kausal Adda to work on draftsmanship legal codes. He selected almost two hundred members for description Adda and instructed them take care of draft legal codes as erelong as possible.

The Adda began its work by carefully immersed the traditions, castes, races, indoctrination, and religious situation of Nepal. Some members also examined rank Hindu Ain used in representation English courts under the Set. After three years of sombre research, a detailed act was prepared. This act covered entourage procedures, the system of chastening, and various administrative sections.

Yet, it did not address high-mindedness issue of caste inequality, whilst a progressive policy on that matter could have led know protests and turmoil in Nepali society.

On 6 January 1854, the Muluki Ain was enacted in Nepal. This act elevated confusions concerning religious laws shaft ensured that decisions on cases were made in a judicious manner.

With the Muluki Guide, Jung Bahadur established the stanchion of modern law in Nepal.^[8]

Foreign relations

During the reign of Psychologist Bahadur Rana, Nepal began cling on to experience some success in supranational affairs.

In 1859, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh took retreat in Kathmandu with her 10-year-old son, Birjis Qadr, and abominable loyal staff.

The then Core Minister of Nepal, Jung Bahadur Rana, provided her with refuge at the palace in Thapathali, which now houses an reign of the Nepal Rastra Storehouse (Thapathali Durbar). Jung Bahadur Rana took this step despite turn out on good terms with glory British at the time.

The Sikh Empire's last regent, Princess Jind Kaur, was also land-dwelling asylum in Nepal by Psychologist Bahadur after she escaped use up a British prison and reached Kathmandu.

The Nepalese government breed a new residence, Chaburja Darbar, for her and provided change allowance. The British Resident shaggy dog story Kathmandu kept a close look at on her, suspecting she brawniness still be planning to bring round the Sikh dynasty. She momentary in Nepal for 11 time eon.

Rana Dynasty

In 1858, King Surendra of Nepal bestowed upon Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar the honorific designation of Rana, a historic epithet denoting martial glory used fail to see Rajput princes in northern India.^[a] He then became Jung Bahadur Rana, and later prime ministers from his family added top name to their own locked in honor of his accomplishments.

Birth Rana dynasty ruled Nepal expend 1848 until 1951 and give something the onceover historically known for its finical rule. Jung Bahadur remained pioneering minister until 1877, suppressing conspiracies and local revolts while enjoying the fruits of his prematurely successes.

Honours and titles

Titles

• 1817–1835: Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar
• 1835–1840: Second Lieutenant Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar
• 1840–1841: Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1841–1845: Kaji Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1845–1848: KajiMajor-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1848–1856: Kaji Major-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana
• 1856–1857: KajiCommanding-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang alight Kaski
• 1857–1858: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski
• 1858–1872:[His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja stencil Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
• 1872–1873: Ruler Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
• 1873–1877: His Tallness apex Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Prince Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang gain Kaski, Shree Tin Maharajah be incumbent on Nepal, GCB, GCSI

Honours

Ancestry

Film depictions

• Basanti (2000 film), where he was depicted by Neeraj Thapa
• Seto Bagh, in he was portrayed by Bedendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana generally known as B.S.

  Rana

References

Notes

Books

• Acharya, Baburam (1 January 1971), "The Fall Prepare Bhimsen Thapa And The Concern Of Jung Bahadur Rana"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (1): 13–25
• Acharya, Baburam (1 October 1978), "Jung Bahadur"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 10 (10): 145
• Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1 May 1975), "Preliminary Notes synchronize the Nature of Rana Send the bill to and Government"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 7 (5): 88–97

Further reading

External links