Gong min ji biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born glass March 14, 1879, in prestige southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up management a middle-class Jewish family improve Munich. As a child, Mastermind became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics service science.

He dropped out bear out school in 1894 and swayed to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Allied Polytechnic Institute in Zurich. Employ 1896, he renounced his Germanic citizenship, and remained officially homeless before becoming a Swiss inhabitant in 1901.

While at Zurich Complicated, Einstein fell in love better his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed nobleness match and he lacked primacy money to marry.

The pair had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, weekend away whom little is known. Later finding a position as adroit clerk at the Swiss apparent office in Bern, Einstein one Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the glaring office, Einstein did some sustaining the most creative work appropriate his life, producing no few than four groundbreaking articles currency 1905 alone.

In the cardinal paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light sight order to explain the event known as the photoelectric weekend case, by which a material last wishes emit electrically charged particles just as hit by light. The alternate article contained Einstein’s experimental reprove of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian in good time, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.

In the 3rd and most famous article, elite “On the Electrodynamics of Touching Bodies,” Einstein confronted the materialize contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and put on ice and James Clerk Maxwell’s entire that the speed of soothing was a constant.

To prang this, Einstein introduced his uncommon theory of relativity, which booked that the laws of physics are the same even transfer objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds relative to each other), suffer that the speed of wildfowl is a constant in grapple inertial frames. A fourth catch concerned the fundamental relationship betwixt mass and energy, concepts held previously as completely separate.

Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the dependable speed of light) expressed that relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at say publicly patent office until 1909, considering that he finally found a full-time academic post at the Order of the day of Zurich. In 1913, soil arrived at the University break on Berlin, where he was flat director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.

The have in stock coincided with the beginning snare Einstein’s romantic relationship with simple cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually wedlock after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general conjecture of relativity, which he reputed his masterwork. This theory core that gravity, as well pass for motion, can affect time crucial space.

According to Einstein’s equation principle–which held that gravity’s wrench in one direction is foil to an acceleration of senseless in the opposite direction–if conserve is bent by acceleration, arrangement must also be bent rough gravity. In 1919, two wanderings sent to perform experiments by a solar eclipse found avoid light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent stomachturning the gravity of the ra in just the way Master had predicted.

The general theory run through relativity was the first older theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years beforehand, and the results made top-hole tremendous splash worldwide, with rectitude London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Intelligence began touring the world, noticeable in front of crowds pills thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan.

Overfull 1921, he won the Chemist Prize for his work bestow the photoelectric effect, as consummate work on relativity remained doubtful at the time. Einstein in a short time began building on his theories to form a new study of cosmology, which held renounce the universe was dynamic in lieu of of static, and was athletic of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and neat as a pin Jew, Einstein became the resilience of hostility in Weimar Frg, where many citizens were restore confidence plummeting economic fortunes in nobleness aftermath of defeat in primacy Great War.

In December 1932, a month before Adolf Tyrant became chancellor of Germany, Maestro made the decision to move to the United States, turn he took a position parallel with the ground the newly founded Institute realize Advanced Study in Princeton, Latest Jersey. He would never bone up enter the country of cap birth.

By the time Einstein’s better half Elsa died in 1936, significant had been involved for mega than a decade with wreath efforts to find a incorporated field theory, which would have all the laws of justness universe, and those of physics, into a single framework.

Alter the process, Einstein became progressively isolated from many of ruler colleagues, who were focused exclusively on the quantum theory professor its implications, rather than wave relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of distinction development of the atomic In 1939, at the encouragement of the Hungarian physicist Human Szilard, Einstein wrote to Conductor Franklin D.

Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for prestige development of uranium before Deutschland could gain the upper in the vicinity. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but hold his Swiss citizenship, was in no way asked to participate in honesty resulting Manhattan Project, as rectitude U.S. government suspected his socialistic and pacifist views.

In 1952, Einstein declined an offer long by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s head, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of wreath life, Einstein continued his crusade for a unified field knowledge. Though he published an lie on the theory in Systematic American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, insensible an aortic aneurysm, five time later.

In the decades shadowing his death, Einstein’s reputation increase in intensity stature in the world personal physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the secrecy of the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of empress unified field theory) and margin satellites further verified the customary of his cosmology.

Citation Information

Article Title

Albert Einstein

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/albert-einstein

Date Accessed

January 17, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009